Upper Limit on the Milky Way Mass

This image from the Hubble Space Telescope shows the small galaxy called the Sagittarius dwarf irregular galaxy, or "SagDIG" for short. SagDIG is relatively nearby, and Hubble's sharp vision is able to reveal many thousands of individual stars within the galaxy. Credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA

As one of the most massive Milky Way satellites, the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy has played an important role in shaping the Galactic disk and stellar halo morphologies. The disruption of Sagittarius over several close-in passages has populated the halo of our Galaxy with large-scale tidal streams and offers a unique diagnostic tool for measuring its gravitational potential.

In a recent paper (Dierickx, Loeb 2017) the authors test different progenitor mass models for the Milky Way and Sagittarius by modeling the full infall of the satellite. They constrain the mass of the Galaxy based on the observed orbital parameters and multiple tidal streams of Sagittarius.

This artist's concept depicts the most up-to-date information about the shape of our own Milky Way galaxy. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC/Caltech)

Their semi-analytic modeling of the orbital dynamics agrees with full N-body simulations, and favors low values for the Milky Way mass, ≤ 10¹²M_Sun.

Marion I. P. Dierickx, Abraham Loeb - Upper Limit on the Milky Way Mass from the Orbit of the Sagittarius Dwarf Satellite - (arXiv)

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