A NEW EVOLUTIVE SCENARIO FOR THE JUPITER'S CORE?

Image: This artist's conception shows a Jupiter-sized planet forming from a disk of dust and gas surrounding a young, massive star. - NASA

Astronomers have discovered nearly 500 planetary systems each with multiple planets, and typically these systems include a few planets with masses several times greater than Earth's (super-Earths), orbiting closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun, and Jupiter-like gas giants are also often found close to their star. [2]

In a recent paper (Raymond et al. 2016) the authors suggest an alternative scenario for the formation of the Jupiter's core: it may have formed in the innermost of the protoplanetary disk and it would later be migrated to the outer region via planet-disk interactions.

The migration of the Jupiter's core may have removed solids from the inner disk by resonance and it may thus explain the absence of terrestrial planets closer than Mercury. Finally it may also have influenced the formation of the Saturn's core.

[1] Raymond et al 2016 (accepted to MNRAS) - Did Jupiter's core form in the innermost parts of the Sun's protoplanetary disk? (arXiv)
[2] Jupiter - (Wikipedia)

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ORBITAL PERIODS OF THE PLANETS

For orbital period generally we refer to the sidereal period, that is the temporal cycle that it takes an object to make a full orbit, relative to the stars. This is the orbital period in an inertial (non-rotating) frame of reference (365,25 days for the earth).

THE HITCHCHIKER'S GUIDE TO THE LOCAL SUPERCLUSTER

Image: Virgo Supercluster. Credit: Andrew Z. Colvin The Virgo Supercluster is a region with a diameter of 33 megaparsecs (~1000 times larger the Milky Way's diameter) containing at least 100 galaxy groups and clusters.

The Milky Way's rotation curve out to 100 kpc and its constraint on the Galactic mass distribution

Image: This annotated artist’s impression shows the Milky Way galaxy. The blue halo of material surrounding the galaxy indicates the expected distribution of the mysterious dark matter. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada In a recent paper (Huang et al. 2016) the rotation curve (RC) of the Milky Way out to ~100kpc has been constructed using ~16,000 primary red clump giants (PRCGs) in the outer disk selected from the LSS-GAC and the SDSS-III/APOGEE survey, combined with ~5700 halo K giants (HKGs) selected from the SDSS/SEGUE survey.

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